Technology · NASDAQ: APP
AppLovin: how the business works
AppLovin sells advertising software that places ads, mostly for mobile games, inside other companies' apps, with revenue of $5.5 billion in FY2025.
By Hardik Bhandare · Checked against filings: . Editorial policy. Corrections
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AppLovin Corporation · Palo Alto, California · Founded 2011
Updated for Q3 FY2026 · checked
- Revenue, FY2025
- $5.5B
- Net income, FY2025
- $3.3B
- Income from operations per $100 of revenue, FY2025
- $75.8
- Employees, Dec 31, 2025
- 898
- Class B share of votes, Oct 31, 2026
- 66.6%
The short version
AppLovin in 5 points
1 · What it sells
AppLovin sells advertising software that places ads, mostly for mobile games, inside other companies' apps, with revenue of $5,480.7 million in FY2025.
2 · Who pays it
Advertisers, mostly mobile game makers, paid for substantially all of AppLovin's $5,480.7 million of FY2025 revenue, and no single customer reached 10% of it.
3 · What it keeps from $100
Of every $100 that came in during FY2025, AppLovin kept $60.7 as net income after a $99.4 million loss from the games business it sold, and income from operations was $4,151.9 million, or $75.8 per $100 of revenue.
4 · Where the operating profit comes from
Since selling its games business on Jun 30, 2025, AppLovin reports one segment, Advertising, which produced all $4,151.9 million of FY2025 income from operations.
5 · The one thing to watch
In the first nine months of FY2026, AppLovin's net revenue per installation rose 68% while installations fell 7%, according to its Q3 FY2026 10-Q.
Sources: From AppLovin's FY2025 10-K, Q3 FY2026 10-Q and Q3 FY2026 earnings release · checked
See the full receipt and the management scorecard below
01Where the money goes · FY2025
Where does $100 of AppLovin's money go?
AppLovin · FY2025
Receipt for every $100
| Running the platform | $12.1 |
|---|---|
| Sales, marketing and administration | $8.0 |
| Research and development | $4.1 |
| Interest | $3.8 |
| Income tax | $9.5 |
| Loss from the sold games business | $1.8 |
| Kept as net income | $60.7 |
| Total | $100 |
Each line = amount ÷ total money in × 100. Lines may not add to exactly $100 because of rounding.
How this is worked out
Cityfort calculation from the FY2025 10-K. Of every $100 that came in during FY2025 (revenue $5,480.7 million + other income $8.0 million = $5,488.7 million). The sold games business lost $99.4 million, including a $188.9 million goodwill write-down and a $106.2 million gain on the sale. Stock-based pay ($208.0 million) and depreciation and amortization ($130.7 million) sit inside the cost lines.
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02The business in one line
What does AppLovin do?
Advertisers, mostly mobile game makers, pay AppLovin to show their ads inside other apps; AppLovin books only what is left after paying those apps, and its own costs are small, so most of that money becomes profit.
- AppLovin's revenue was $5,480.7 million in FY2025, up 70.0%. It is counted after paying the app publishers that showed the ads.
- Of every $100 that came in during FY2025, $12.1 went on running the platform and $12.1 on research, sales and administration. $60.7 was left as net income.
03Who pays it
Who pays AppLovin?
Advertisers using AppLovin Ads
Not disclosed
Mostly mobile game makers, plus web-based e-commerce advertisers since 2024. Their spending, net of what goes to app publishers, was substantially all of the $5,480.7 million of FY2025 revenue.
Ad networks, app publishers and marketers
Not disclosed
Ad networks buy ad space through MAX, publishers use it to sell their ad space, and marketers subscribe to Adjust. AppLovin says revenue from other services was not material.
How spread out the customers are
No customer was 10% or more of AppLovin's revenue in FY2023, FY2024 or FY2025, and none was 10% or more of receivables at Dec 31, 2024 or 2025. AppLovin's 10-K says its revenue is concentrated in mobile gaming, and a significant amount comes through apps on a limited number of platforms, such as the Apple App Store, Google Play and Meta. Tripledot, which bought the games business and is 22% owned by AppLovin, is also a customer: $44.7 million of revenue in the first nine months of FY2026.
04Why it makes money
Why does AppLovin make money?
Revenue is a net fee on ad spend, and running costs grew far more slowly than revenue.
AppLovin books only its share after paying publishers, so it has no big inventory or content costs. From FY2023 to FY2025 revenue rose $3,638.9 million, while total operating expenses rose $259.5 million (Cityfort calculation from the FY2025 10-K). AppLovin's 10-K says more advertisers bring more data, which improves Axon AI.
Income from operations per $100 of revenue
$41.9$75.8
FY2023 to FY2025
- Advertisers set what a new user is worth to them
- Axon AI predicts which app users will act on an ad
- Ads run in publishers' apps through auctions
- Results feed more data back to Axon AI
- Better results bring more advertiser spending
- AppLovin keeps a net fee; costs grow more slowly
↺ Step 6 feeds back into step 1.
05Business segments · FY2025
Which businesses make up AppLovin?
Advertising
100%AppLovin Ads, MAX, Adjust and Wurl. Called "Software Platform" until the FY2024 10-K. Since the games business was sold, it is AppLovin's only segment.
Revenue $5.5B
How the mix changed
- Advertising
Revenue by segment, FY2021 to FY2025.
US$
See the numbers
06The numbers · Consolidated · US$
How has AppLovin done?
Revenue
$5.5BFY2025
FY2021 and FY2022 are as first reported and include the mobile games business sold in June 2025, so they are not comparable with later years; on the continuing basis revenue grew from $1,841.8 million in FY2023 to $5,480.7 million in FY2025, and Q3 FY2026 revenue of $2,184.8 million was up 55.5% from a year earlier.
US$
See the numbers
Net profit
$3.3BFY2025
Net income rose from $356.7 million in FY2023 to $3,333.8 million in FY2025 and includes results of the sold games business (a $99.4 million loss in FY2025, after a $188.9 million goodwill write-down); FY2021 and FY2022 are as first reported, and EBITDA is a Cityfort calculation from the 10-Ks and earnings releases (income from operations plus depreciation and amortization).
US$
See the numbers
Profit kept per $100 of revenue
$60.8FY2025
Income from operations was $75.8 per $100 of revenue in FY2025, up from $41.9 in FY2023. Revenue is counted after paying the app publishers that show the ads.
$ of profit per $100 of revenue (net margin)
See the numbers
Free cash flow
$4.0BFY2025
Free cash flow (cash from operations minus equipment purchases) was $3,970.6 million in FY2025, including the games business's cash until its sale, while stock-based pay in the continuing business fell from $342.6 million (18.6% of revenue) in FY2023 to $208.0 million (3.8%) in FY2025.
US$ · cash from operations minus spending on plants and equipment
See the numbers
See all yearly numbers
EBITDA here = operating income plus depreciation and amortization (from the cash flow statement). Fiscal years are the company's own (December 31 (FY2025 = year ended Dec 31, 2025)). Net profit is the share belonging to the company's owners.
Download AppLovin's yearly and quarterly numbers (CSV, with source ids)
Learn: Stock-based compensation and dilution: pay that becomes shares
Sources (13)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2022 (ended Dec 31, 2022)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2021 (ended Dec 31, 2021)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2024 (ended Dec 31, 2024)
- Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026
- Q4 and full-year 2024 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 12, 2025
- Q1 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), May 6, 2026
- Q1 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), May 7, 2025
- Q2 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Aug 6, 2025
- Q3 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 5, 2025
- Q2 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Aug 5, 2026
- Q3 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 4, 2026
- Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)
07Who runs it
Who runs AppLovin, and did they deliver?
Adam Foroughi
Co-founder and CEO · since 2011
CEO and director since December 2011; board chair until Apr 2, 2026. Held 61.6% of the votes on Mar 31, 2026. 2025 total pay was $12,969,001, 97 times the median employee's $133,808.
Matthew Stumpf
Chief Financial Officer · since 2024
CFO since January 2024; joined AppLovin in February 2020 after 14 years at PricewaterhouseCoopers.
Craig Billings
Independent board chair · since 2026
Chair since Apr 2, 2026; director since December 2020 and CEO of Wynn Resorts.
Giovanni Ge
Chief Technology Officer · since 2026
Named to succeed Basil Shikin as CTO effective Jul 1, 2026 (8-K, Apr 7, 2026); previously Chief Product and Engineering Officer.
What they said, and what happened
1 partly delivered · 3 delivered · 1 too early to tell
Said on Feb 12, 2025
AppLovin announced a term sheet to sell its mobile games business for total consideration of $900 million: $500 million in cash and $400 million in the buyer's shares.
Partly deliveredWhat happened
The sale to Tripledot closed on Jun 30, 2025. AppLovin recorded consideration of $715.6 million: $430.6 million in cash and about 22% of Tripledot, valued at $285.0 million.
Said on Feb 11, 2026
AppLovin expected Q1 FY2026 revenue of $1,745–1,775 million.
DeliveredWhat happened
Revenue was $1,842.4 million.
Said on May 6, 2026
AppLovin expected Q2 FY2026 revenue of $1,915–1,945 million.
DeliveredWhat happened
Revenue was $1,923.7 million, inside the range.
Said on Aug 5, 2026
AppLovin expected Q3 FY2026 revenue of $2,055–2,085 million.
DeliveredWhat happened
Revenue was $2,184.8 million.
Said on Nov 4, 2026
AppLovin expected Q4 FY2026 revenue of $2,365–2,395 million.
Too early to tellWhat happened
Q4 FY2026 ends Dec 31, 2026.
Sources (9)
- Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting
- Form 8-K, Item 5.02 (CTO, legal officer and board chair changes), filed Apr 7, 2026
- Form 8-K, Items 5.02 and 8.01 (term sheet to sell mobile gaming business; CMO resignation), filed Feb 12, 2025
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 8.01 (Apps business sale to Tripledot completed), filed Jul 1, 2025
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
- Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026
- Q1 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), May 6, 2026
- Q2 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Aug 5, 2026
- Q3 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 4, 2026
08What could go wrong
What could go wrong for AppLovin?
- Concentration
Mobile gaming and a few app platforms
AppLovin's 10-K says its revenue is concentrated in mobile gaming, and a significant amount comes through apps on a few platforms, such as Apple's and Google's app stores and Meta. Losing or weakening those ties could hurt the business.
Watch Any change in app-store or Meta terms, and revenue from web advertisers if AppLovin starts reporting it.
- Regulation
Privacy rules and platform tracking limits
Apple requires users' opt-in for some tracking, and AppLovin relies in part on Apple's IDFA identifier. AppLovin's 10-K says these changes have not had a significant impact so far but may in future, and privacy laws keep changing.
Watch New Apple or Google privacy changes and new state or EU privacy laws named in each 10-Q.
- Demand
Growth comes from revenue per install, not volume
In the first nine months of FY2026 net revenue per installation rose 68% while installations fell 7%. Revenue depends on advertisers keeping spending as long as the returns meet their goals; most contracts can be canceled at any time.
Watch Installations and net revenue per installation in each 10-Q.
- Legal
Shareholder lawsuits
Putative class actions allege that AppLovin made false and misleading statements about its ad solutions and growth (2025) and about its ad models and an ad-generation tool (Sep 2026). Derivative suits make similar claims against directors. AppLovin says the allegations lack merit.
Watch The ruling on the motion to dismiss in the 2025 case, reported in the 10-Q legal section.
- Governance
Voting control by Class B holders
Class B shares carry 20 votes each and were 66.6% of the votes but 9.1% of the shares on Oct 31, 2026. Holders of about 67% of the votes approved the move to Nevada by written consent.
Watch Changes to the Voting Agreement or Class B conversions, in the proxy and 8-Ks.
- Other
Exposure to Tripledot
AppLovin holds about 22% of Tripledot, carried at $298.3 million at Sep 30, 2026, and Tripledot is also a customer. AppLovin also kept responsibility for some legal matters of its former game studios.
Watch The equity-method investmentProfits or losses from companies it partly owns, counted in proportion to its stake. line and related-party revenue in each 10-Q.
09Both sides
What do supporters and critics point to?
What supporters point to
- Revenue on the continuing basis grew from $1,841.8 million in FY2023 to $5,480.7 million in FY2025, and rose 55.5% in Q3 FY2026.
- Income from operations was $75.8 per $100 of revenue in FY2025, up from $41.9 in FY2023.
- Free cash flow was $3,970.6 million in FY2025, and net debt was $342.4 million at Sep 30, 2026.
- Class A and Class B shares outstanding fell from 373.9 million at Dec 31, 2022 to 331.3 million at Oct 31, 2026.
- No customer was 10% or more of revenue in FY2023, FY2024 or FY2025.
What critics point to
- AppLovin's 10-K says its revenue is concentrated in mobile gaming and flows largely through apps on Apple's and Google's stores and Meta.
- Installations fell 7% in the first nine months of FY2026; growth came from net revenue per installation.
- Class B shares were 9.1% of the shares but 66.6% of the votes on Oct 31, 2026.
- Shareholder class actions filed in 2025 and September 2026 allege false and misleading statements; AppLovin says they lack merit.
- The move to Nevada was approved by written consent of holders of about 67% of the votes.
10What to watch next
What should you watch next at AppLovin?
Next event
Q4 FY2026 results
Date not announced yet.
Revenue against the company's Q4 FY2026 range
AppLovin said on Nov 4, 2026 that it expects $2,365–2,395 million. Q3 FY2026 revenue was $2,184.8 million.
Installations and revenue per installation
In the first nine months of FY2026, installations fell 7% and net revenue per installation rose 68%.
Shareholder lawsuits
A ruling on the motion to dismiss in the 2025 class action, and the course of the September 2026 suit, in the 10-Q legal section.
The move to Nevada
Approved by written consent on Oct 29, 2026; it takes effect no earlier than 20 days after the information statement is mailed.
11Key dates
What are the key dates for AppLovin?
| Event | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Fiscal 2026 endsThe Q4 FY2026 results date was not announced in the documents read. | Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026) | |
| Nevada reincorporation can take effectNo earlier than 20 days after the information statement is mailed, per the 8-K filed Nov 4, 2026. | Not yet stated | Form 8-K, Items 2.02 and 5.07 (written consent approving Nevada reincorporation), filed Nov 4, 2026 |
| Director's forward sale contract settlesMay 2027: 550,000 Class A shares of director Eduardo Vivas, per the 2026 proxy statement. | Not yet stated | Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting |
| First senior notes due ($1,000 million at 5.125%)No principal is due before then, per the FY2025 10-K. | Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025) |
12Key facts
Key facts about AppLovin
- What does AppLovin do?
- AppLovin Corporation sells advertising software. Its main tool, AppLovin Ads (Axon Ads Manager), uses its Axon AI engine to place advertisers' ads inside other companies' apps, mostly mobile games. AppLovin had revenue of $5,480.7 million in FY2025 (year ended Dec 31, 2025) and 898 employees at that date.
- How does AppLovin make money?
- AppLovin makes money by charging advertisers for ads placed in other apps, priced on the advertiser's campaign goals. AppLovin books revenue net of what it pays the app publishers that show the ads, as the agent in the deal. Revenue from Axon Ads Manager was substantially all of AppLovin's $5,480.7 million revenue in FY2025.
- What is AppLovin's business model?
- AppLovin's business model is an ad marketplace run on its own software: advertisers set return goals, AppLovin's Axon AI picks where their ads appear, and AppLovin keeps a net fee. Most contracts can be canceled at any time and are paid 30 days after month end. AppLovin's income from operations was $4,151.9 million in FY2025, or $75.8 per $100 of revenue.
- Is AppLovin profitable?
- Yes. AppLovin reported net income of $3,333.8 million in FY2025 and $1,438.9 million in Q3 FY2026 (quarter ended Sep 30, 2026). AppLovin's FY2025 net income included a $99.4 million loss from the mobile games business it sold on Jun 30, 2025.
- What is AppLovin's revenue by segment?
- AppLovin reports one segment, Advertising, which made all $5,480.7 million of its FY2025 revenue after the Apps (mobile games) business was sold on Jun 30, 2025. In FY2024, as first reported, AppLovin's Advertising revenue was $3,224.1 million and Apps revenue $1,485.2 million. By user location, the United States was 51.6% of AppLovin's FY2025 revenue.
- What are AppLovin Ads, MAX, Adjust and Wurl?
- AppLovin Ads (Axon Ads Manager) helps advertisers win app users and brought in substantially all of AppLovin's FY2025 revenue. MAX runs real-time auctions for app publishers' ad space, Adjust measures marketing results on subscription, and Wurl distributes and sells ads on connected TV. AppLovin does not report revenue for MAX, Adjust or Wurl separately.
- Who are AppLovin's customers?
- AppLovin's customers are advertisers, mostly mobile game makers and, since 2024, some web-based e-commerce advertisers, plus ad networks and app publishers that use its MAX auction. No customer was 10% or more of AppLovin's revenue in FY2023, FY2024 or FY2025.
- Who owns AppLovin?
- AppLovin's Class B shares, with 20 votes each, were 9.1% of its shares but 66.6% of the votes on Oct 31, 2026 (Cityfort calculation from the Q3 FY2026 10-Q). CEO Adam Foroughi held 61.6% of AppLovin's votes on Mar 31, 2026, according to the 2026 proxy statementThe yearly filing about shareholder votes, the board and executive pay. Learn more, which lists BlackRock with 7.0% of the Class A shares.
- What happened to AppLovin's mobile games business?
- AppLovin sold its Apps (mobile games) business to Tripledot on Jun 30, 2025, for consideration it recorded at $715.6 million: $430.6 million in cash and about 22% of Tripledot, valued at $285.0 million. AppLovin's figures for FY2023 onward show the games business as discontinued operations.
Sources (6)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
- Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)
- Q3 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 4, 2026
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2024 (ended Dec 31, 2024)
- Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 8.01 (Apps business sale to Tripledot completed), filed Jul 1, 2025
Terms on this page
- Capital expenditures (capex)
- Debt-to-equity
- Earnings per share (EPS)
- EBITDA
- Free cash flow
- Interest coverage
- Market cap
- Net debt
- Net margin
- P/E ratio
Each explains the term in plain English, with the same number from other companies on Cityfort.
Go deeper
More detail from the same filings. Open any section.
13What it sells
13What it sells
What does AppLovin sell?
AppLovin Ads (Axon Ads Manager)
The tool advertisers use to find new users. They set return goals, and AppLovin charges them based on those goals rather than a fixed price per ad. Substantially all revenue comes from it.
Axon AI
AppLovin's ad recommendation engine. It predicts which ad a given app user is likely to act on, and it runs the auctions behind AppLovin Ads.
MAX
An in-app bidding tool for app publishers: it runs one real-time auction for each ad slot, so many ad buyers can bid at once.
Adjust
A subscription service that measures where an app's users came from and which marketing worked. AppLovin says Adjust's data is not used for Axon AI unless a customer directs it.
Wurl
A connected TV platform that distributes streaming video for content companies and sells ads on their channels.
What it does
- Does: Matches advertisers with ad space inside other companies' apps, through auctions
- Does: Charges advertisers based on their campaign goals, such as a return on ad spend
- Does: Books revenue after paying the app publishers that show the ads
- Does: Sells to web-based advertisers, such as e-commerce companies, as well as app makers
What it does not do
- Does not: No longer makes or sells mobile games: that business was sold to Tripledot on Jun 30, 2025
- Does not: Does not report the total ad spend that passes through its platform
- Does not: Does not report revenue for MAX, Adjust or Wurl separately
- Does not: Has never paid a cash dividend
14How the money flows
14How the money flows · FY2025
How does money flow through AppLovin?
Money in
- Revenue (advertising, net of publisher payments)$5.5B
- Other income$8M
The company
AppLovin
$5.5B came in
Money out
- Running the platform (cost of revenue)$665M
- Research and development$227M
- Sales, marketing and administration$437M
- Interest$207M
- Income tax$520M
- Loss from the sold games business$99.4M
- Net income$3.3B
- Advertisers paid AppLovin $5,480.7 million in FY2025, counted after paying the apps that showed their ads.
- Running the platform (cost of revenue) cost $665.1 million.
- Research and development took $226.5 million; sales, marketing and administration took $437.2 million.
- That left income from operations of $4,151.9 million, or $75.8 of every $100 of revenue.
- After $8.0 million of other income, $207.0 million of interest, $519.7 million of income tax and a $99.4 million loss from the sold games business, net income was $3,333.8 million.
15What it needs to run
15What it needs to run
What does AppLovin need to run?
Data
AppLovin's 10-K says the data it collects is integral to its ad tools and helps improve Axon AI. Privacy laws and app-store rules limit what it can collect.
Engineers
898 employees at Dec 31, 2025, in 15 countries; about 380, or 42%, worked in research and development.
App stores and partners
A significant amount of revenue comes through apps distributed on platforms such as the Apple App Store, Google Play and Meta. AppLovin says Meta and Google are also significant partners.
Publishers' ad space
AppLovin does not own the ad space it sells: app publishers supply it, and AppLovin pays them out of what advertisers spend.
16Where it sells
16Where it sells · FY2025
Where does AppLovin sell?
- United States (by user location)52%
- Rest of the world48%
17Competitors and what protects it
17Competitors and what protects it
Who does AppLovin compete with?
Meta Platforms
NASDAQ: META
Named in AppLovin's 10-K as an ad company advertisers use for mobile ads. AppLovin also calls Meta a significant partner, and a platform through which much of its revenue flows.
Alphabet (Google)
NASDAQ: GOOGL
Google is named as a competitor in ads, a significant partner, and the operator of Google Play, one of the app stores AppLovin's revenue depends on.
Amazon
NASDAQ: AMZN
Named in AppLovin's 10-K among the ad companies advertisers use to buy ads on apps, devices and connected TV.
Unity Software
Named in AppLovin's 10-K among the ad companies advertisers use to buy ads in mobile apps.
What protects the business
Each strength is scored 1 (weak) to 5 (strong) for the business, with the reason. It is not a rating of the share.
- Data loop behind Axon AI3 of 5
AppLovin's 10-K says more advertisers bring more data, which improves Axon AI. Net revenue per installation rose 72% in FY2025 while installations rose 3%. No outside measure was read.
- Both sides of the auction3 of 5
AppLovin runs the tool advertisers buy with (AppLovin Ads) and an auction many publishers sell through (MAX).
- Low running costs4 of 5
Cost of revenue was $665.1 million, about $12 per $100 of FY2025 revenue, and AppLovin had 898 employees.
Weak spot
Mobile gaming and app-store dependence
AppLovin's 10-K says its revenue is concentrated in mobile gaming and flows largely through apps on a few platforms, such as Apple's and Google's app stores and Meta. Changes to those platforms' privacy rules, such as Apple's IDFA, could affect its ads.
18Where growth could come from
18Where growth could come from
Where could AppLovin's growth come from?
AppLovin said in its Q3 FY2026 earnings release (Nov 4, 2026) that it expects Q4 FY2026 revenue of $2,365–2,395 million.
More revenue per install
Working+68%, first nine months of FY2026
AppLovin's net revenue per installation rose 68% in the first nine months of FY2026 while installations fell 7%. It credits Q3 FY2026 growth "primarily to improved AppLovin Ads performance".
Status: Working, on track against what the company said.
Users outside the US
Working+77.1% in FY2025
Revenue from users outside the US rose from $1,497.9 million in FY2024 to $2,653.5 million in FY2025; US revenue rose 63.8% (Cityfort calculation from the FY2025 10-K).
Status: Working, on track against what the company said.
Web and e-commerce advertisers
EarlyRevenue not reported separately
AppLovin opened its ad tools to web-based advertisers in 2024. Its FY2025 10-K says it is early in this expansion.
Status: Early, too early to judge.
Connected TV (Wurl)
EarlyRevenue not reported separately
AppLovin says it is adding advertisers and channels to Wurl and applying Axon AI to connected TV.
Status: Early, too early to judge.
Status compares progress with what the company itself said it would do: Working = on track against what the company said; Mixed = partly on track; Behind = behind the company's own plan; New = recently announced; Early = too early to judge.
19The company's own measures (non-GAAP)
19The company's own measures · FY2025 and Q3 FY2026
What do AppLovin's own measures show?
Official (GAAP): Net income from continuing operations, FY2025
$3.4B
Company's own measure: Adjusted EBITDA, FY2025
$4.5B
AppLovin adds back interest, income tax, depreciation and amortization ($130.7 million), stock-based payPay given as shares instead of cash, which spreads ownership more thinly. Learn more ($208.0 million) and other items. It puts the margin at 82.3% of revenue.
Official (GAAP): Net income, Q3 FY2026
$1.4B
Company's own measure: Adjusted EBITDA, Q3 FY2026
$1.8B
Same adjustments; stock-based pay was $84.2 million in the quarter. AppLovin gave a Q4 FY2026 range of $1,995–2,025 million on Nov 4, 2026. In Q2 FY2026 the figure, $1,613.8 million, was just under its own $1,615–1,645 million range.
Official (GAAP): Net cash from operating activities, FY2025
$4.0B
Company's own measure: Free cash flow (company measure), FY2025
$4.0B
Cash from operations minus equipment purchases and finance-lease payments, including the games business until its sale. This page's own free cash flowCash from operations minus spending on buildings and equipment. Learn more, which deducts only equipment purchases, was $3,970.6 million.
Official (GAAP): Net cash from operating activities, Q3 FY2026
$1.4B
Company's own measure: Free cash flow (company measure), Q3 FY2026
$1.4B
Same definition as above.
These are the company's own measures, defined by the company. They are not comparable across companies, and they are not added together. Each sits beside the nearest official (GAAP) figure.
Learn: Non-GAAP measures: what a company's "adjusted" numbers leave out · Stock-based compensation and dilution: pay that becomes shares
20Financial strength and debt
20Financial strength · Sep 30, 2026
How much debt does AppLovin have?
- Total debt$3.5B
- Cash and investments$3.2B
- Net debt (debt minus cash)$342M
- Net worth (shareholders' money)$3.3B
- Debt to equity
- 1.07×
- $ of debt for every $1 of shareholders' money
- Interest cover
- 20.1×
- how many times operating profit covers interest
- Net debt is a Cityfort calculation from the Q3 FY2026 earnings release (long-term debt at carrying value minus cash and cash equivalents). At Dec 31, 2025 it was $1,025.9 million (Cityfort calculation from the FY2025 10-K).
- The debt is $3,550 million of unsecured senior notes issued in December 2024: $1,000 million at 5.125% due 2029, $1,000 million at 5.375% due 2031, $1,000 million at 5.500% due 2034 and $550 million at 5.950% due 2054. No principal is due before December 2029.
- A $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit line runs to Dec 5, 2029; it was undrawn at Dec 31, 2025, and its interest margin depends on AppLovin's credit ratings.
- Interest cover is FY2025 income from operations ÷ interest expense ($4,151.9 million ÷ $207.0 million), a Cityfort calculation from the FY2025 10-K.
- Leases and a licensed asset obligation are not counted as debt here. AppLovin's 22% stake in Tripledot was carried at $298.3 million at Sep 30, 2026.
21Who owns it
21Who owns it · ownership as of Mar 31, 2026
Who owns AppLovin?
- Officers and directors (as a group), votes
- 64.0%
Shares vs votes by class
AppLovin has more than one class of shares, and the classes carry different votes. The share of votes a class holds can differ a lot from its share of the shares.
- Class A common stock: share of all votes33.4%
- Class B common stock: share of all votes66.6%
Each class's part of all votes = its shares outstanding × votes per share ÷ the total for all classes.
Share classes
Holders of 5% or more
From the company's proxy statement (DEF 14A), later Schedule 13G filings and the share counts on its latest annual or quarterly report. Each holder row shows the date of its own filing.
Insider trades · Form 4 data as of Nov 6, 2026
What did AppLovin's insiders report trading?
AppLovin's insiders made 78 Form 4A filing an insider must make within two business days of buying or selling the company's shares. Learn more filings in the 12 months to Nov 6, 2026.
They reported no purchases and 704 sales (1.1 million shares) in the open market or privately (codes P and S).
417 of the 704 sales were on forms with the Rule 10b5-1 plan box checked.
The same filings report 56 other share transactions (A: 19, F: 19, G: 15, C: 2, M: 1).
They also report 3 transactions in options, stock units or other derivatives.
Insiders are a company's officers, directors and owners of more than 10% of a class of its shares. Most changes in their holdings must be reported to the SEC on a Form 4 within two business days. Source: SEC Form 4 filings on EDGAR.
- P
- a purchase in the open market or privately
- S
- a sale in the open market or privately
- A
- a grant, award or other acquisition from the company under Rule 16b-3
- F
- shares withheld or handed over to pay an exercise price or tax when an award is received, exercised or vests
- M
- exercise or conversion of an option or other derivative, exempt under Rule 16b-3
- C
- conversion of a derivative security
- G
- a bona fide gift
Code meanings: General Instruction 8 of Form 4 (SEC).
The latest 25 of 760 transactions
Shares: A = acquired, D = disposed of. A price the filing gives only in a footnote shows as “See filing”. The 10b5-1 box is checked when at least one trade on the form was made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan. A Form 4/A replaces the form it amends. See all of AppLovin's Form 4 filings on EDGAR.
Learn: Dual-class shares: when votes and ownership don't match · How to read a proxy statement (DEF 14A): Nvidia's 2026 proxy · Form 4 insider filings: who files, the codes and the footnotes · Rule 10b5-1 trading plans: how insiders pre-schedule their trades
22What it does with profit
22What it does with profit
What does AppLovin do with its profit?
Buyback · Feb 28, 2025
The board loosened the buyback program's limits tied to the prior quarter's free cash flow and made $500 million available immediately.
Buyback · Dec 31, 2025
In FY2025 AppLovin repurchased and withheld 6.4 million shares for $2.58 billion, including tax paid for employees on vesting shares.
$2.6B
Buyback · Sep 30, 2026
Repurchases were $2,811.2 million in the first nine months of FY2026. In Q3 FY2026 alone, 4.1 million shares were repurchased and withheld for $1.4 billion.
$2.8B
Buyback · Oct 31, 2026
The board added $3.2 billion to the authorization, leaving $3.6 billion available at the end of October 2026.
Money raised · Apr 15, 2021
Initial public offering on Nasdaq: AppLovin sold 22.5 million Class A shares at $80.00, raising $1,745.2 million net.
$1.7B
Money raised · Dec 5, 2024
Issued $3,550 million of senior notes due 2029 to 2054 and used the money to repay its secured term loans.
$3.6B
Sources (7)
- Form 8-K, Item 8.01 (share repurchase program modification), filed Feb 28, 2025
- Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026
- Q3 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 4, 2026
- Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2021 (ended Dec 31, 2021)
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 2.03 (senior notes indenture and 2024 Credit Agreement), filed Dec 5, 2024
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
23Governance signals
23Governance signals
What do AppLovin's governance filings show?
- Auditor
- Deloitte & Touche LLP, since 2015
- Auditor changes
- None in the period covered
- Audit qualifications
- None reported
- Related-party dealings
- AppLovin owns about 22% of Tripledot, the buyer of its games business, and Tripledot buys its ads: $44.7 million of revenue in the first nine months of FY2026. Rafael Vivas, brother of director Eduardo Vivas, is an employee with a $400,000 salary.
- Credit rating
- Moody's / S&P / Fitch (expected ratings of the senior notes at issue, as stated in AppLovin's pricing term sheet) Ba1 / BBB- / BBB- (Positive / Positive / Stable), Nov 20, 2024
A credit rating describes the company's ability to repay debt. It is not a rating of the share.
Flags to know about
other
Controlled by Class B holders
Parties to the Voting Agreement, led by Adam Foroughi and Herald Chen, controlled 66.9% of votes on Mar 31, 2026. AppLovin is a 'controlled company' under Nasdaq rules but says it does not use the exemptions.
other
Securities class actions and derivative suits
Putative class actions filed from March 2025 allege false and misleading statements about AppLovin's ad solutions and growth; a motion to dismiss was fully briefed by February 2026. A new suit filed Sep 16, 2026 alleges misleading statements about its ad models and an ad-generation tool. AppLovin says the allegations lack merit.
shares as collateral
Director's shares used as collateral
Director Eduardo Vivas has 550,000 of his Class A shares held as collateral under a prepaid variable forward sale contract that settles in May 2027, according to the 2026 proxy statement.
other · Oct 29, 2026
Move to Nevada approved by written consent
Holders of about 67% of the voting power approved reincorporating AppLovin in Nevada by written consent on Oct 29, 2026. It takes effect no earlier than 20 days after an information statement is mailed.
other · Jun 3, 2026
Shareholder proposal on class-by-class vote reporting failed
At the Jun 3, 2026 annual meeting, a proposal on disclosing votes by share class received 119.1 million votes for and 696.9 million against.
disclosure
Earlier years not restated for the games sale
AppLovin's FY2025 10-K shows FY2023 and FY2024 without the games business. FY2021 and FY2022 exist only as first reported, with it.
Sources (8)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
- Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)
- Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting
- Free writing prospectus: pricing term sheet for $3.55B senior notes, Nov 20, 2024
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 2.03 (senior notes indenture and 2024 Credit Agreement), filed Dec 5, 2024
- Form 8-K, Items 2.02 and 5.07 (written consent approving Nevada reincorporation), filed Nov 4, 2026
- Form 8-K, Item 5.07 (2026 annual meeting results), filed Jun 5, 2026
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2022 (ended Dec 31, 2022)
24What the market paid
24What the market paid · price as of Nov 5, 2026
What did the market pay for AppLovin on Nov 5, 2026?
Price as of Nov 5, 2026 (shown for education; prices change daily).
Price as of Nov 5, 2026: AppLovin's Class A shares closed at $356.10 on Nasdaq. Times 331.322 million Class A and Class B shares (Oct 31, 2026) that is a market value of about $118.0 billion (Cityfort calculation from the Nov 5, 2026 Nasdaq closing price and the Q3 FY2026 10-Q cover); Class B shares do not trade and are counted at the Class A price. P/E is market value ÷ net income for the 12 months to Sep 30, 2026 ($5,013.3 million): 23.5. P/B is market value ÷ stockholders' equity at Sep 30, 2026 ($3,298.7 million): 35.8 (both Cityfort calculations from the Q4 FY2025 to Q3 FY2026 earnings releases).
- Share price
- $356.10
- Market value (market cap)
- $118.0B
- P/E
- 23.5×
- P/B
- 35.8×
More price-based ratios · as of Nov 5, 2026
Each ratio divides a number from the company's filings by the market value or share price on Nov 5, 2026. Prices change daily, so these ratios do too.
Price to sales (P/S)
15.5×
$118.0B market value ÷ $7.6B revenue (four quarters to Sep 30, 2026) = 15.5×
Cityfort calculation from the Nov 5, 2026 closing price and the Q4 FY2025 to Q3 FY2026 10-Qs and earnings releases. Source: APP historical quotes, Nasdaq, Oct 20 to Nov 5, 2026 (close Nov 5, 2026: $356.10); Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026); Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026 and 3 more
How price ratios workFree cash flow yield
3.4%
$4.0B free cash flow (FY2025) ÷ $118.0B market value = 3.4%
Cityfort calculation from the FY2025 10-K and the Nov 5, 2026 closing price. Source: APP historical quotes, Nasdaq, Oct 20 to Nov 5, 2026 (close Nov 5, 2026: $356.10); Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026); Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026 and 4 more
What free cash flow means
Shares used for the market value: 331.32 million ($356.10 × 331.32 million shares ≈ $118.0B). Source: Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026); Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting; Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
Source: APP historical quotes, Nasdaq, Oct 20 to Nov 5, 2026 (close Nov 5, 2026: $356.10); Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026); Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026 and 3 more
Sources (8)
- APP historical quotes, Nasdaq, Oct 20 to Nov 5, 2026 (close Nov 5, 2026: $356.10)
- Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)
- Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026
- Q1 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), May 6, 2026
- Q2 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Aug 5, 2026
- Q3 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 4, 2026
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
- Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting
25How it got here
25How it got here
How did AppLovin get here?
2011
Milestone
Founded
AppLovin was incorporated in Delaware on Jul 18, 2011; co-founder Adam Foroughi has been CEO since December 2011.
2021
Milestone
Listed on Nasdaq
AppLovin's Class A shares began trading on Apr 15, 2021, after it sold 22.5 million shares at $80.00.
2022
Milestone
MoPub bought from Twitter
AppLovin closed its purchase of the MoPub ad business from Twitter, for about $1.0 billion, in January 2022.
2024
Milestone
Term loans replaced by notes
In December 2024 AppLovin issued $3,550 million of unsecured senior notes and repaid its $3.5 billion of secured term loans.
2025
Milestone
Shareholder lawsuits filed
From March 2025, putative class actions alleged false and misleading statements about AppLovin's ad solutions and growth. AppLovin says the allegations lack merit.
2025
Milestone
TikTok indication of interest
On Apr 3, 2025 AppLovin confirmed a preliminary indication of interest to explore buying TikTok outside China; it said there was no assurance of a deal.
2025
Business-model change
Games business sold
AppLovin agreed on May 7, 2025 to sell its mobile games studios to Tripledot and closed on Jun 30, 2025, leaving advertising as its only business.
2026
Milestone
Independent chair
Craig Billings succeeded Adam Foroughi as board chair on Apr 2, 2026; Foroughi remains CEO.
2026
Milestone
Move to Nevada approved
Holders of about 67% of the votes approved reincorporating in Nevada by written consent on Oct 29, 2026.
Sources (10)
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025)
- Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting
- Form 10-K, fiscal year 2021 (ended Dec 31, 2021)
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 2.03 (senior notes indenture and 2024 Credit Agreement), filed Dec 5, 2024
- Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026)
- Form 8-K, Item 8.01 (indication of interest in TikTok outside China), filed Apr 3, 2025
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 2.02 (purchase agreement with Tripledot), filed May 7, 2025
- Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 8.01 (Apps business sale to Tripledot completed), filed Jul 1, 2025
- Form 8-K, Item 5.02 (CTO, legal officer and board chair changes), filed Apr 7, 2026
- Form 8-K, Items 2.02 and 5.07 (written consent approving Nevada reincorporation), filed Nov 4, 2026
26Sources and changes
Where every number on this page comes from
Sources (28 documents)
- S1Form 10-K, fiscal year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025) · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 19, 2026
- S2Form 10-K, fiscal year 2024 (ended Dec 31, 2024) · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 27, 2025
- S3Form 10-K, fiscal year 2022 (ended Dec 31, 2022) · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 28, 2023
- S4Form 10-K, fiscal year 2021 (ended Dec 31, 2021) · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Mar 11, 2022
- S5Form 10-Q, quarter ended Sep 30, 2026 (Q3 FY2026) · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Nov 4, 2026
- S6Q3 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 4, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Nov 4, 2026
- S7Q2 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Aug 5, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Aug 5, 2026
- S8Q1 2026 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), May 6, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · May 6, 2026
- S9Q4 and full-year 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 11, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 11, 2026
- S10Q3 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Nov 5, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Nov 5, 2025
- S11Q2 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Aug 6, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Aug 6, 2025
- S12Q1 2025 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), May 7, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · May 7, 2025
- S13Q4 and full-year 2024 earnings release (8-K Ex. 99.1), Feb 12, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 12, 2025
- S14Definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), 2026 annual meeting · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Apr 21, 2026
- S15Form 8-K, Items 2.02 and 5.07 (written consent approving Nevada reincorporation), filed Nov 4, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Nov 4, 2026
- S16Form 8-K, Item 5.07 (2026 annual meeting results), filed Jun 5, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Jun 5, 2026
- S17Form 8-K, Item 5.02 (CTO, legal officer and board chair changes), filed Apr 7, 2026 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Apr 7, 2026
- S18Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 8.01 (Apps business sale to Tripledot completed), filed Jul 1, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Jul 1, 2025
- S19Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 2.02 (purchase agreement with Tripledot), filed May 7, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · May 7, 2025
- S20Form 8-K, Items 5.02 and 8.01 (term sheet to sell mobile gaming business; CMO resignation), filed Feb 12, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 12, 2025
- S21Form 8-K, Item 8.01 (share repurchase program modification), filed Feb 28, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Feb 28, 2025
- S22Form 8-K, Item 8.01 (indication of interest in TikTok outside China), filed Apr 3, 2025 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Apr 3, 2025
- S23Free writing prospectus: pricing term sheet for $3.55B senior notes, Nov 20, 2024 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Nov 20, 2024
- S24Form 8-K, Items 1.01 and 2.03 (senior notes indenture and 2024 Credit Agreement), filed Dec 5, 2024 · AppLovin Corporation (SEC EDGAR) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Dec 5, 2024
- S25Schedule 13G, Vanguard Capital Management (event Mar 31, 2026) · SEC EDGAR (filed on AppLovin Corporation) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Apr 29, 2026
- S26Schedule 13G, FMR LLC (event Mar 31, 2026) · SEC EDGAR (filed on AppLovin Corporation) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · May 6, 2026
- S27Schedule 13G/A, The Vanguard Group (event Mar 13, 2026: 0%) · SEC EDGAR (filed on AppLovin Corporation) · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Mar 26, 2026
- S28APP historical quotes, Nasdaq, Oct 20 to Nov 5, 2026 (close Nov 5, 2026: $356.10) · Nasdaq, Inc. · Tier 1: company or exchange filing · Nov 5, 2026
Changes to this page (v1 · Nov 6, 2026)
- v1 · Nov 6, 2026First version, through Q3 FY2026 (quarter ended Sep 30, 2026). (first version)
Numbers come only from tier 1 and tier 2 sources. Read how we research.
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